Mining Exploration, Raw Materials and Production Technologies of Mortars in the Different Civilization Periods in Menorca Island (Spain)

This study deals with the mortars and subordinately rocks collected from archaeological site of Cap de Forma, that is a “Bien Interés Cultural” located on cape along southeastern coast Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Forma consists different structures belonging to periods civilization phases: fortified settlement Talaiotic age, built in cyclopean technique including three rooms rainwater cistern; nearby necropolis tombs (cuevas) excavated into cliff; more recent occupancy testified by plastering house-fort (pecheña casa-quartel), lookout point 17th–18th century. Compositional features mineralogy were investigated optical microscopy X-ray diffraction. Physical properties (density, porosity, water saturation coefficients mechanical strength) also determined. work aimed at characterizing these archaeologic remains understand building technique, choice raw materials possibly their provenance, taking account age they belong to. Results indicate cocciopesto-rich used cistern watertight other ancient linking Roman age. The cocciopesto seems derive local pottery even if some evidence would suggest contrary, whereas source binder definitely Mg-rich limestone. was plastered gypsum-based most likely gypsum island Mallorca where quarries opened same period. Mechanical physical tests reveal strong state decay requires conservation actions. sheds light poorly studied monument, better constraining phases its occupation. Some interesting questions, such as are still open.